Intravitreal Dexamethasone implant in the treatment of distinct optical coherence tomography types of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal dexamethasone implant(DEX-I)in the treatment of different types of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion(RVO).METHODS:A retrospective observational case study was conducted. A total of 46 patients(46 eyes)who were diagnosed with RVO-macular edema(ME)and received DEX-I of 0.7 mg as the initial treatment in Dalian No.3 People's Hospital from July 2019 to June 2020 were collected. According to the morphological characteristics of optical coherence tomography(OCT), they were divided into diffuse retinal thickening type(DRT type, 13 patients, 13 eyes), cystoid macular edema type(CME type, 22 patients, 22 eyes )and serous retinal detachment type(SRD type, 11 patients, 11 eyes ). The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and central retinal thickness(CRT)of patients with three types of macular edema were observed and compared before treatment and 1, 2 and 3mo after treatment.RESULTS:Compared with before treatment, BCVA of patients with DRT, CME and SRD were significantly improved at 1, 2 and 3mo after treatment, and CRT was significantly decreased(all P<0.017). At 3mo after treatment, BCVA(0.21±0.12, 0.22±0.10LogMAR)of DRT and SRD patients was significantly better than that of CME(0.45±0.14LogMAR, both P<0.017), and CRT(254.08±49.07, 248.92±44.19μm)was significantly lower than that of CME(314.70±92.66 μm, both P<0.017).CONCLUSIONS: DEX-I is effective in the treatment of various OCT types of macular edema secondary to RVO, and the treatment response of CME type is worse than that of DRT and SRD types.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Postdialysis Fatigue in Patients Under Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose@#Despite the high prevalence of postdialysis fatigue (PDF) in maintenance hemodialysis patients, no meta-analysis on the prevalence and risk factors of PDF has yet been published. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of PDF and explore its related factors. @*Methods@#PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and the four Chinese databases (National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], Chinese Biomedical Literature database [SinoMed], Wanfang Digital Periodicals [WANFANG], and Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals [VIP] database) were searched from inception up to July 2022. This study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The articles were independently searched by two reviewers, and the relevant data were extracted. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality was used to assess the quality of the included studies. @*Results@#Thirteen articles with 2,118 participants were included. The pooled prevalence was 60.0%. The meta-analysis results revealed that the ultrafiltration volume, mean arterial pressure after dialysis, and good sleep quality were potentially associated with PDF, whereas only good sleep quality (odds ratio 0.24, 95% confidence interval 0.19e0.30) was significantly associated with PDF. @*Conclusion@#PDF is common in maintenance hemodialysis patients, which is related to the ultrafiltration volume, sleep quality, and mean arterial pressure after dialysis. However, the mechanism underlying the risk factors and PDF remains unknown. Further research is warranted to investigate the risk factors, intervention, treatment, and mechanism in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Comparison of tooth movement and biological response resulting from different force magnitudes combined with osteoperforation in rabbits

Abstract Objective To compare tooth movement rate and histological responses with three different force magnitude designs under osteoperforation in rabbit models. Methodology 48 rabbits were divided into three groups: Group A, Group B, and Group C, with traction force of 50 g, 100 g, 150 g, respectively. Osteoperforation was performed at the mesial of the right mandibular first premolar, the left side was not affected. One mini-screw was inserted into bones between two central incisors. Coil springs were fixed to the first premolars and the mini-screw. Tooth movement distance was calculated, and immunohistochemical staining of PCNA, OCN, VEGF, and TGF-β1 was analyzed. Results The tooth movement distance on the surgical side was larger than the control side in all groups (P<0.01). No significant intergroup difference was observed for the surgical side in tooth movement distance among the three groups (P>0.05). For the control side, tooth movement distance in Group A was significantly smaller than Groups B and C (P<0.001); no significant difference in tooth movement distance between Group B and Group C was observed (P>0.05). On the tension area of the moving premolar, labeling of PCNA, OCN, VEGF and TGF-β1 were confirmed in alveolar bone and periodontal ligament in all groups. PCNA, OCN, VEGF and TGF-β1 on the surgical side was larger than the control side in all groups (P<0.001). Conclusion Osteoperforation could accelerate orthodontic tooth movement rate in rabbits. Fast osteoperforation-assisted tooth movement in rabbits was achieve with light 50 g traction.

Clinical application and value of 3 Tesla contrast enhanced whole-heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical application, feasibility and value of 3 T whole-heart contrast enhanced free-breathing navigator-gated three-dimensional coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CE-CMRA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>3 T CE-CMRA was used to examine patients with suspected coronary heart disease (CAD). Gd-BOPTA (0.2 mmol/kg) was injected intravenously with slow infusion rate (0.3 ml/s) to perform enhancement. Data were post-processed to obtain principal branches of coronary artery and picture quality was evaluated. According to results of selective coronary arteriography (SCAG), the diagnostic accuracy of CE-CMRA for diagnosing CAD was judged by means of detecting significant stenosis (> 50%) of the principal branches based on the 9 segments of coronary artery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-three out of 26 patients successfully completed the examination. The mean scanning time was (10.4 ± 2.1) minutes, 178 out of 202 (88.1%) SCAG demonstrated segments could be evaluated by CE-CMRA. The imaging quality was superior in proximal and middle segments of coronary artery principal branches than in distal segments. Based on patient-level, there were 9 positive cases and 14 negative cases examined by CE-CMRA compared with 11 positive cases and 12 negative cases examined by SCAG, respectively. The whole diagnose accordance rate of CE-CMRA was 91.3% (21/23) compared with SCAG. The sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive values were 81.8% (9/11), 88.5% (169/191) and 98.8% (9/31) respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>3 T CE-CMRA is a feasible non-invasive imaging modality for diagnosing CAD, especially to detect significant stenosis in proximal and middle segments of coronary artery principal branches. However, the detecting efficacy is limited in assessing stenosis of distal segment and small branches of coronary artery.</p>

Association between delayed enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and arrhythmia in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>to observe the association between myocardial fibrosis, detected by delayed-enhancement (DE) cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and arrhythmia in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>forty-eight untreated HCM patients who underwent Cine MR, DE-MRI, 24 h ambulatory Holter electrocardiogram and ECG examinations were recruited. Extent of myocardial fibrosis (fibrosis mass/total LV mass) was assessed using DE imaging. Association between arrhythmias including premature ventricular complexes (PVCS ≥ 200), supra-ventricular tachycardia (SVT), non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT), atrio-ventricular block (AVB) and intra-ventricular block (IVB) detected by Holter monitoring and ECG with regard to delayed enhancement (DE) on contrast enhanced CMR was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>myocardial fibrosis was detected in 35 patients. Incidence of arrhythmia was significantly higher in patients with DE than in patients without DE (P < 0.05). Extent of myocardial fibrosis was significantly associated with the QRS duration (r = 0.33, P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>myocardial fibrosis detected by DE-CMR was associated with arrhythmia in patients with HCM. DE-CMR might be helpful to detect high-risk HCM patients prone to arrhythmia.</p>

Application value of magnetic resonance sequences in diagnosis of early spinal metastatic tumor / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical value of different magnetic resonance (MR) pulse sequences in diagnosis of spinal metastatic tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifteen patients with clinically suspected spinal metastatic tumor were included in this study. These patients were with documented primary tumors. Four MR pulse sequences, T1-weighted spin echo (T1WI SE), T2-weighted fast spin echo (T2WI FSE), short time inversion recovery (STIR), and gradient echo 2-D multi echo data imaging combination (GE Me-2D) were used to detect spinal metastasis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifteen vertebral bodies were entire involvement, 38 vertebral bodies were section involvement, and totally 53 vertebral bodies were involved. There were 19 focal infections in pedicle of vertebral arch, 15 metastases in spinous process and transverse process. Fifty-three vertebral bodies were abnormal in T1 WI SE and GE Me-2D, 35 vertebral bodies were found abnormal in T2WI FSE, and 50 vertebral bodies were found abnormal in STIR. The verges of focal signal of involved vertebral bodies were comparatively clear in T1WI SE, comparatively clear or vague in T2WI FSE, vague in STIR, and clear in GE Me-2D.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>GE Me-2D may be the most sensitive technique to detect metastases. So three sequences (T1WI SE, T2WI FSE, GE Me-2D) can demonstrate the early changes of spinal metastasis roundly.</p>

Study on the regulatory effect of electro-acupuncture on hegu point (LI4) in cerebral response with functional magnetic resonance imaging / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study, through blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI), the cerebral activated areas evoked by electro-acupuncturing (EA) the right Hegu point (L14) or non-acupoint points on the face, and through comparing their similarities and differences, to speculate on the specific cerebral areas activated by stimulating L14, for exploring the mechanism of its effect in potential clinical application.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>EA was applied at volunteers' right L14 (of 9 subjects in the L14 group) and facial non-acupoint points (of 5 subjects in the control group), and whole brain 3-dimensional T1 anatomical imaging of high resolution 1 x 1 x 1 mm(3) used was performed with clustered stimulatory mode adopted by BOLD fMRI. Pretreatment and statistical t-test were conducted on the data by SPM2 software, then the statistical parameters were superimposed to the 3-dimensional anatomical imaging.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Data from 3 testees of the 9 subjects in the L14 group were given up eventually because they were unfit to the demand due to different causes such as movement of patients' location or machinery factors. Statistical analysis showed that signal activation or deactivation was found in multiple cerebral areas in 6 subjects of L14 group and 5 subjects of the control group (P<0.01). In the L14 group, the areas which showed signal activation were: midline nuclear group of thalamus, left supra marginal gyrus, left supra temporal gyrus, right precuneous lobe, bilateral temporal pole, left precentral gyrus and left cerebellum; those which showed signal deactivation were: bilateral hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala body area, rostral side/ audal side of cingulate gyrus, prefrontal lobe and occipital lobe as well as left infratemporal gyrus. In the control group, areas which showed signal activation were: bilateral frontal lobe, postcentral gyrus, Reil's island lobe, primary somato-sensory cortex, cingulate gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, occipital cuneiform gyrus and/or precuneus gyrus and right brainstem; and the area that showed deactivation was left median frontal lobe.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The effects of EA L14 in regulating cerebral activities could be displayed and recorded through BOLD fMRI, the distribution of signally deactivated area evoked by EA L14 was similar to the known distribution of anatomical orientation of pain in brain, and closely related to the anatomic structure of limbic system, which areas are possibly the acupuncture analgesic effect's cerebral regulating area. Furthermore, activated portion of left central anterior gyrus, which represent the movement of oral facial muscles, and the activated portion of cerebellum are possibly related with the effect of using EA L14 in treating facial palsy and facial muscle spasm. As for the mechanism of signal deactivation of cerebral activities exhibited in the present study that is unable to be elucidated, it awaits for further research.</p>

Applications of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of the complications after breast augmentation with polyacrylamide hydrogel injection / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical value of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the diagnosis of the complications after breast augmentation with polyacrylamide hydrogel injection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MRI was performed in 16 patients who had breast augmentation with polyacrylamide hydrogel injection. The results of magnetic resonance imaging were compared with the clinical symptoms.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MRI examinations of the 16 patients showed that (1) 4 breasts in 2 patients were comparatively natural; (2) a large lacteal cyst was detected in one patients in lactation; (3) breast asymmetry occurred in 3 patients (6 sides); (4) in 10 patients (20 sides), the injected gel was in irregular form. The results of MRI were in accord with the clinical symptoms.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MRI is of great diagnostic value for the complications after breast augmentation with polyacrylamide hydrogel injection.</p>

The MRI study of the sphincter muscle complex in congenital anorectal malformations / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the development of the sphincter muscle complex(SMC)and defecation function in pediatric patients with congenital anorectal malformations(ARM).Methods A total of 64 children underwent MRI,among whom 39 were patients with ARM,and the others were patients without ARM undergoing MRI because of other dieases.The dimensions of the SMC in different planes were evaluated with different sequences and coils.The relationship between the SMC development and the defecation function was investigated.Results In control group,the absolute value of SMC width was (3.63?0.22)mm,which had a high correlation with age(r=0.998,P0.05).The SMCs in intermediate ARM patients[muscle index(MI)=0.47?0.05]and low ARM patients(MI=0.49? 0.05)were well developed.The SMCs in a portion of patients with high ARM(MI=0.28?0.06)were poorly developed,when MI≤0.18,anorectal contraction pressurewas significantly lower(t=3.55, P0.18[(0.85?0.20)vs(2.24?1.02)kPa].The length of anal canal with high-pressure[(10.88?3.64)vs(20.26?4.34)mm]was shorter(t=5.18,P0.18,the anorectal angle was less than 90 degrees,and normal continent function was found in 21 of 23 cases(91%).Conclusion MRI can be employed to evaluate the development of SMC in patients with ARM,MI was an objective criteria to evaluate the development of SMC.When MI≤0.18, maldevelopment of SMC will be highly suspected.

Prelimilary experimental study of manganese enhanced-functional MR imaging on cat model about acute epilepsy caused by pentylenetetrazol / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To explore the activated brain region of acute epilepsy in cat model induced by pentylenetetrazol(FFZ)with manganese enhanced-functional MR imaging(ME-fMRI),and evaluate the application of ME-fMRI on localization of the activated brain.Methods Forty cats were divided into 4 groups by random number table method as epileptic A and B groups as well as control A and B groups. Cats of epileptic groups were injected with PTZ(55 mg/kg)intramuscularly,and those of control groups were injected with the saline at same dose.The behavior change in the epileptic and control group A was observed and electroencephalogram(EEG)was also undertaken.Cats of epileptic and control group B were performed ME-fMRI,and the percentage of the enhanced signal intensity was then calculated.Results After injection with PTZ(55 mg/kg)intramuscularly,epileptic seizure was all evoked,and then EEG recording showed spike-wave and polyspike-wave complexes.The neocortex of cats of epileptic group B was diffusely phanero-enhanced on ME-fMRI.The percent enhancement of signal intensity in cortex of frontal lobe,parietal lobe and occipital lobe was(34.6?5.7)% and that in cortex of temporal lobe with(22.9? 6.5)%,whereas those of control group B with(14.9?4.5)% and(11.6?3.2)% respectively.And there was significant difference between the above different localization of the brain in the two groups (t=-10.43,-5.46 respectively,P